Số hạng nào hả bạn? 

tham khảo

`2^n C_n ^0+2^[n-1] C_n ^1+2^[n-2] +... +C_n ^n=59049`

`<=>(2+1)^n=59049`

`<=>3^n=59049`

`<=>n=10 =>(2x^2+1/[x^3])^10`

Xét số hạng thứ `k+1:`

    `C_10 ^k (2x^2)^[10-k] (1/[x^3])^k ,0 <= k <= 10`

 `=C_10 ^k 2^[10-k] x^[20-5k]`

Số hạng chứa `x_5` xảy ra `<=>20-5k=5<=>k=3`

Với `k=3` thì số hạng cần tìm là: `C_10 ^3 2^[10-3] x^5=15360 x^5`

\(C_2^2+C_3^2+...+C_n^2=C_3^3+C_3^2+C_4^2+...+C_n^2\) (do \(C_2^2=C_3^3=1\))

\(=C_4^3+C_4^2+C_5^2+...+C_n^2=C_5^3+C_5^2+...+C_n^2\)

\(=...=C_n^3+C_n^2=C_{n+1}^3\)

Do đó:

\(2C_{n+1}^3=3A_{n+1}^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)!}{3!.\left(n-2\right)!}=\dfrac{3.\left(n+1\right)!}{\left(n-1\right)!}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n-1=9\Rightarrow n=10\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1-x-3x^3\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(-x-3x^3\right)^k\)

\(=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(-1\right)^k\left(x+3x^3\right)^k=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_{10}^kC_k^i\left(-1\right)^kx^i.3^{k-i}.x^{3\left(k-i\right)}\)

\(=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_{10}^kC_k^i\left(-1\right)^k.3^{k-i}.x^{3k-2i}\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le i\le k\le10\\i;k\in N\\3k-2i=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(i;k\right)=\left(1;2\right);\left(4;4\right)\)

Hệ số: \(C_{10}^2C_2^1\left(-1\right)^2.3^1+C_{10}^4C_4^4.\left(-1\right)^4.3^0=...\)

\(\Rightarrow he-so:\left[{}\begin{matrix}C^9_{10}C^1_9\left(-3\right)^{10-9}\left(-1\right)=270\\C^{10}_{10}C^4_{10}\left(-3\right)^{10-10}.\left(-1\right)^4=210\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với k \(\in\)N* ; ta có : \(kC_n^k=k.\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-k\right)!k!}=\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-k\right)!\left(k-1\right)!}=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)!}{\left[n-1-\left(k-1\right)\right]!\left(k-1\right)!}=nC_{n-1}^{k-1}\)

Khi đó : \(C_n^1+2C_n^2+...+nC^n_n\)  = \(\Sigma^n_{k=1}nC^{k-1}_{n-1}\)  

= \(n\left(C_{n-1}^0+C_{n-1}^1+...+C_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)\)  \(=n.\left(1+1\right)^{n-1}=n.2^{n-1}\) ( đpcm )

Ta có:

\(k.C_n^k=k.\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-k\right)!.k!}=n.\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)!}{\left(n-1-\left(k-1\right)\right)!\left(k-1\right)!}=n.C_{n-1}^{k-1}\)

Do đó:

\(1C_n^1+2C_n^2+...+nC_n^n\)

\(=n.C_{n-1}^0+nC_{n-1}^1+...+n\left(C_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)\)

\(=n\left(C_{n-1}^0+C_{n-1}^1+...+C_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)\)

\(=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(S=3C_0^n+\left(4+3\right)C_n^1+\left(4.2+3\right)C_n^2+...+\left(4n+3\right)C_n^n=S_1+S_2\)

Với \(S_1=3\left(C_n^0+C_n^1+...+C_n^n\right)\)

Dễ dàng thấy \(S_1=3.2^n\)

\(S_2=4.C_n^1+4.2C_n^2+...+4.n.C_n^n=4\left(1C_n^1+2C_n^2+...+nC_n^n\right)\)

Nhận thấy tất cả các số hạng \(S_2\) đều có dạng \(k.C_n^k\)

Ta có: \(k.C_n^k=k.\dfrac{n!}{k!\left(n-k\right)!}=\dfrac{n!}{\left(k-1\right)!\left(n-k\right)!}=n.\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)!}{\left(k-1\right)!.\left[\left(n-1\right)-\left(k-1\right)\right]!}=n.C_{n-1}^{k-1}\)

Nên:

\(S_2=4\left(nC_{n-1}^0+nC_{n-1}^1+...+nC_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)=4n.2^{n-1}=2n.2^n\)

Vậy \(S=S_1+S_2=\left(2n+3\right).2^n\)